However, Whitehead’s invention of the torpedo was a key development in naval history. November 1905 in Fiume) war ein britischer Ingenieur und Konstrukteur, der zusammen mit Giovanni Luppis die ersten Torpedos mit eigenem Antrieb und Selbststeuerung entwickelte. In 1891 he opened a factory near Portland Harbour, as the British Navy wanted to order his torpedoes in large quantities, but insisted that they be manufactured in Britain.Whitehead fiercely guarded his trade secrets; employees were often sworn to secrecy about the guidance mechanisms employed in his torpedoes. However, by 1870 he had managed to increase its speed to 7 knots and could now hit a target 700 yards away. Robert Whitehead (3 January 1823 – 14 November 1905) was an English engineer. Early life He was born the son of a cotton-bleacher, in Bolton, England. Damit schuf er eine Waffe, die beide Weltkriege (U-Boot-Krieg) entscheidend beeinflusste. – later Whitehead & Co., Societa in Azioni. This engine driven torpedo travelled at speeds of 15 to 20 knots. In 1864 the Austrian Navy asked him to work out an idea for an explosive-carrying, self-propelled boat that could be steered from its launching site by long yoke lines. In 1866, Robert Whitehead designed the first “automobile” torpedo that was self-propelled. The first vessel sunk by self-propelled torpedoes was the Turkish steamer Intibah, on 16 January 1878, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. His torpedo design was the point from which all other concept designs would begin. It was propelled by compressed air and carrying an explosive warhead, with a speed of 13 km/h and the ability to hit a target up to 640 metres away. 5.0 out of 5 stars great about Robert Whitehead andhis Torpedo. Motor torpedo boats, motor gunboats and motor launches of the Coastal Forces all served with distinction throughout the Second World War. ISBN: 0-87021-245-1 . Robert Whitehead, British engineer who invented the modern torpedo. Inventor of the Torpedo – 1875 What follows is the story of how By the 1880s, more of the world's navies acquired t… This was a 'first' in torpedo design as one one else had this device. Robert Whitehead : biography 3 January 1823 – 14 November 1905 In 1940, the German heavy cruiser Blücher was sunk during the invasion of Norway by two, at that time very antiquated, Whitehead torpedoes, launched underwater from fixed, shore-mounted tubes. Many naval services procured the Whitehead torpedo during the 1870s, including the US Navy. [4] By 1870 Whitehead's torpedoes were running at 17 knots. It was designed to attack the enemy rather than wait for the adversary. Whitehead Torpedo at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, A Short History of Torpedos – 1866 – 1940, Basilios Bessarion and the Great Revival of Letters, Marie-Louise von Franz and the Psychology of Fairy Tales, Jane Austen, a Keen Observer Always with a Twinkle in the Eye, Hans von Ohain and the Invention of the Jet Engine, The Clifton Suspension Bridge – Iconic Landmark of the Industrial Age. [2][5], Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/html/part2.htm, http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/our-favourite-objects/whitehead-torpedo, http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/html/part1.htm, http://navalunderseamuseum.org/media/6c06204b6731dd48ffff8336ffffe906.pdf, http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=eFZb_BqP10UC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=1891+chilean+civil+war+whitehead&source=bl&ots=H_Irpaif2j&sig=gJrhSoeRaF5k3jJebC8h9j19Bbw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aI6xUZyCEcyIiQf1lICIDA&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=1891%20chilean%20civil%20war%20whitehead&f=false, "Chronology: Torpedo in Word and Picture", http://www.muzej-rijeka.hr/torpedo/en/chronology.html, http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=5AoHOUZ0KzYC&pg=PR23&lpg=PR23&dq=Whitehead+mk+1&source=bl&ots=AbvTPxughx&sig=Bvds0YPquDUMtSY4XlAwHcp9WHs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wbuyUajaKuO1iAeEwICgDA&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=Whitehead%20mk%201&f=false, http://www.hansonclan.co.uk/Royal%20Navy/rw.htm, http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ZRG9ghlHR1QC&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=Ludwig+Obry&source=bl&ots=agm2rI3ACI&sig=iFj-lPy3ESSwYQZu1-5KpbVoXpU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uy2kUf23Jcn3rQfKp4GgCA&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Ludwig%20Obry&f=false, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Whitehead_torpedo?oldid=5158439. It was designed to attack the enemy rather than wait for the enemy. It also featured a self-regulating device for maintaining a constant preset depth. Robert Whitehead with a battered test torpedo, Rijeka (c. 1875) On January 3, 1823, English engineer Robert Whitehead was born. Reviewed in the United States on September 5, 2018. Whitehead's initial torpedo experiments were conducted with the help of his 12-year-old son, John, and a workman, Annibale Ploech. Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei (WASS), named after the inventor of the ‘Torpedo’, Robert Whitehead, has been part of Finmeccanica since 1995. General Subject Matter: The history of early torpedoes and their inventor Robert Whitehead. Torpedo's van dit type werden gebruikt door de meeste zeemachten tot aan de … In 1871, the Royal Navy bought manufacturing rights, and started producing the torpedo at the Royal Laboratories at Woolrich, England. LONDON, Nov. 14 - Robert Whitehead, inventor of the torpedo which bears his name, died to-day at Shrivenham, Berkshire. In 1904, British Admiral Henry John May commented, "but for Whitehead, the submarine would remain an interesting toy and little more". Robert Whitehead (January 3, 1823 – November 14, 1905) was an English engineer who developed the first successful self-propelled torpedo. She was hit by torpedoes launched from torpedo boats operating from the tender Velikiy Knyaz Konstantin under the command of Stepan Osipovich Makarov. [2] The French, German, Italian, Russian, and Chinese navies soon followed suit and began acquiring the Whitehead torpedo. The United States Navy started using the Whitehead torpedo in 1892 after an American company, E. W. Bliss, secured manufacturing rights. The Whitehead torpedo was the first self-propelled or "locomotive" torpedo ever developed. Torpedo inventor Robert Whitehead house in Rijeka ex Fiume in Croatia Soldiers assigned to A Company, 935th Aviation Support Battalion, Missouri National Guard, receive instruction on Apache refueling from Staff Sgt. Whitehead is most famous for developing the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo. His torpedo design was the point where all other concept designs would begin. robert whitehead torpedo works weymouth 1866: Minenschiff, the first self-propelled (locomotive) torpedo , developed by Robert Whitehead (to a design by Captain Luppis, Austrian Navy), was demonstrated for the imperial naval commission on December 21. Robert Whitehead – Early Years. Whitehead’s invention of the torpedo was a key development in naval history. [2], Robert Whitehead with a battered test torpedo, Rijeka (Croatia), c.1875, Argentinian sailors with a Whitehead torpedo, Fiume, Austria, 1888, During the 19th century, an anonymous officer of the Austrian Marine Artillery conceived the idea of using a small boat laden with explosives, propelled by a steam or an air engine and steered by cables to be used against enemy ships; his papers came into the possession of Captain Giovanni Luppis upon his death. With this he created a weapon that decisively influenced both world wars. Whitehead Alenia Sistemi Subacquei (WASS), named after the inventor of the ‘Torpedo’, Robert Whitehead, has been part of Finmeccanica since 1995. [4] As manufactured for the US Navy, the Whitehead torpedo was divided into four sections: the head, the air flask, the after-body and the tail. With this he created a weapon that decisively influenced both world wars. [11], In 1871, the Royal Navy bought manufacturing rights, and started producing the torpedo at the Royal Laboratories at Woolrich, England. Robert Whitehead was born in Bolton, England, the son of James Whitehead, a cotton-bleacher, and his wife Ellen Whitehead née Swift. The first automatic torpedo was produced in 1868 by the English engineer, Robert Whitehead. Regardless, spar torpedoes remained the submarine weapon of choice until 1866 when British engineer Robert Whitehead invented the first operational self-propelled modern torpedo. [3] This early torpedo proved itself in combat during the Russo-Turkish War when, on January 16, 1878, the Turkish ship Intibah was sunk by Russian torpedo boats carrying Whiteheads. In 1864 the Austrian Navy asked him to work out an idea for an explosive-carrying, self-propelled boat that could be steered from its launching site by long yoke lines. Robert Whitehead died in 1905, leaving a small fortune to his family. General Subject Matter: The history of early torpedoes and their inventor Robert Whitehead. He is known for the most successful design of the torpedo. It was around 3 metres long with a diameter of 35.5 cm. This is a book about Robert Whitehead, his family and the history of the torpedo that he created. The interior parts were generally constructed out of bronze. 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